Uniflow type coke oven



March 7, 1944. c. OTTO UNIFLOW TYPE COKE OVEN Filed April 25, 1942 Patented ai-.7, 1944 2,343,318

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE UNIFLOW TYPE "(JOKE OVEN Carl Otto, Manhasset, N. Y., assig'nor to Fuel Refining Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application April 25, 1942, Serial No. 440,495

3Claims. (Cl. 202-135) The present invention relates to coke oven batdistribution of heat longitudinally of each heatteries of the general type designated herein as ing wall by increasing the portion of the coking the uniflow type, because the heating gases charge alongside each heating wall which realways flow in the same direction through the ceives heat along flow paths of relatively good heating flues of such a battery, instead of flowing 5 heat conductivity from the upflow fiues, in which alternately in opposite directions through the the average gas temperature is much higher than fiues as they do in a coke oven battery of the it is in the downflow flues. usual regenerative type. Coke oven batteries of Therelatively high gas velocity in the downthe unifiow type are customarily referred to as flow flues resulting from their relatively small "recuperative or waste heat batteries, accordo cross section, somewhat increases the relatively ingly as they do or do not include special resmall amount of heatv transferred from those cuperato-r provisions, although waste heat batflues to the coking chambers, and may also be teries customarily provide for the passage of comutilized in effecting the recirculation through the bustion air and fuel gas into the combustion top flow flues of some of the combustion gases fiues through conduit passages in the coke oven received from the lower ends of the downflow masonry in which the air and gas are subjected fiues.

to som recuperative preheating. The various features of novelty which charac- Coke oven batteries of the unifiow type present terize my invention are pointed out with para special heat distribution problem in that the ticularity in the claims annexed to and forming heating gases cool down as they move through the a part of this specification. For a better underheating flues, and the resultant variation in heatstanding of the invention, however, its advaning gas temperature along the lengths of the flow tages, and specific objects attained with its use, paths of the heating flue system, is not compenreference should be had to the accompanying sated for in a uniflo-w battery as it is in an ordidrawing and descriptive matter in which I have nary regenerative coke oven battery in which illustrated and described a preferred embodiment combustion is initiated and substantially comof the invention.

pleted alternately in the opposite end portions Of the drawing:

of the heating flues connecting the regenerator. Fig. 1 is a partial transverse section of a coke The general object of the present invention is oven battery with its right hand portion taken on to provide a coke oven battery of the uniflow type, the line I-|, and its left hand portion taken on with an improved heating flue system adapted to the line lA-JA of Fig. 2; distribute the heat over the battery heating walls Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal section of the with suitable uniformity. battery shown in Fig. 1, with its right hand por- More specifically, the object of my invention is tion in section on the line 22, and its left hand to provide the heating Walls of a coke oven batportion in section on the line 2A2A of Fig. 1;

tery of the type specified with a series ofupflow Fig. 3 is a partial section on the line 3-3 of flues in which combustion is initiated, and a se- Fig. 2; and ries of downflow iiues alternating with the upflow Fig. 4 is a partial section taken similarly to flue and each receiving heating gases at its up- I Fig. 1 illustrating a modification.

per end from an adjacent upfiow flue, in which 40 The coke oven battery structure shown in Figs. the upfiow and downflow fiues are so propor- 1, 2 and 3 comprises a brick work structure comtioned and so disposed and so connected at their prising horizontally elongated coking chambers lower ends, as to make possible a desirable uni- A and alternating heating walls B which extend formity in heat distribution both vertically and transversely to the length, of the battery and are longitudinally of the heating wall. In consesupported onareenforced concrete slab or deck quence of the described connections of the lower C. The latter is carried by supporting columns ends of the flues, a portion of they waste gases -or pillars C which extend upwardly through the pass from the lower ends of the downflow fiues basement space D beneath the deck C.

into the adjacent upflow iiues, and thus con- Each heatlngwall Bis formed withverticaluptribute to a suitable uniformity in heat distribuflow or combustion flues E arranged in .a'rowextion vertically of the heating walls. tending from one end of the heating .wall .to the My invention is also characterized by the use of other, and which alternates withhvertical downdownflow flues smaller in the direction of the flow fiuesc. ,Each of the fiues e is connected at heating wall length than are the adjacent upfiow its? upper end to an adjacent flue ,E to form a flues. This contributes materially to an improved 5 twin or hairpin flue; While the lines e and E tudinally of the batteryto a stack 'or other ex-.

hausting device.

Each of the downfiow flues e of a single heating Wall has its lower end in communication with the sole channel F beneath one of the oven chain bers alongside said heating wall through'a depending vertical passage H and a-connecting=port l-I. Each upflow flue E and anadjacent downflow flue e which are connected at theirupper ends to form a hairpin flue, are also connected at their lower ends for waste gas recirculation, by means comprising the correspondingpassa'ge l-L the fuel gas supply 'chann'ell extending up to theflue E'from thebasement D, an'd a lateral port H connecting the lower'en'd of the passage H tothe adjacent portion of the passage I.

As 'shown, the portion of "the passage I above the 'level'of the underside of the corresponding port H is larger in horizontal crosss'ection than the subjacent portion of the passage 'through which extends a fuel gassupply pipe J having its upper end slightly above'the'level of the "top of'the port H The'upper end portionof each pipe .J serves as an aspirating or injector "nozzle, utilizing a portion of the kinetic energy dischargedthroughthe'noizle Jfdraws abortion of I the waste gas passing down froin'the corresponding flue e throughthe passage H into admixture withsaid fuel gas. 'Io increase theaspirating effect of each pipe Jfth'e'portion I of the passage I above the top its pipe J may be shaped toform thethroat' of a Venturi passage coaxial with the pipe. p

v 'Ass'how'n, each fuel gas pipe J is supplied with fuel gas, ordinarily coke oven gas'rrom a corresponding distribution pipe K th'r'o'iigh an individ- 11211 connection J which includes aflow'regulating element J accessible for adjustment from the subway space, as is .custom'ary in underfired coke ovens. 'As'sh own, each ofthe'dist'ribution pipes K whichextendtransversely of the battery, and may or may not beembedded in "the deck C, supplies fuel gas to two adjacent heating wens through corresponding pipes J'andconnctions J.

Combustion air is: drawn into" the lower end of each upfiow flue E from the basement s acer through'a'pa'ssage L individualto the'flu'e. 'A lower portion L or eachp a ss'age L is elongated in the direction. of the lengthof the"ba'ttery to increase the amount 'of heat" which the air"wil1 absorb from the brick work conductingheat'to the passage frorn'the adjacent channels Eand passages Such re'cuperative heating of the combustion air not only desirably increases the combustion temperatures obtainabl in' the "flues C, but also desirably'cools the lowerportion' of the battery masonry and thus contributesto a relatively low "temperature in the "basement space D.

Each passagli'ma'y receive" all of the surpassing through .it directly from the subwa space through one or more ports L extending downward. through the deck structure'and eachT'p rovided'withflobtuators or throttling devices M accessible for adjustmentfor replacement rr'omj the subway space "andem'ploy'ed to "regulate the amount of air passing through the corresponding port L A shown, however, some of the air drawn into the chambers L is received through ports 0 in their side walls from cooling channels 0 in the lower portion of the coke oven brick work. The channels 0 are shown as extending longitudinally of the battery in alternation with the rows of channel L and preheating chambers L. Each channel 0 receives air from the subway space through ports '0 in its bottom wall which may be provided with obturators or throttling devices P.

v The coke oven battery shown may include charging'provisions and distillation gas removal means of any usual or suitable type which need not be'illustrated or described herein, as they constitute nc part of the invention claimed herein.

In the operation of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1-3 contemplated as normal, fuel gas and to dilutethe mixture of combustion air-and fuel gas andthereby retard combustion, and elongate the combination "zoneor flame length, inthe flue and thusminimize temperature variations along the length 'of'the flue E.

g In the operation of a coke oven having hairpin heating flues, the average gas temperature is substantially higher'in the upflow. flues in which combustionfis initiated, is substantiall higher than in the do'wnfiow flues 6. With the horizontal cross 'sectionsof the upflowand downflow flues similar in shape and form, the portions of a coking charge in-direct juxtaposition with the upfiow flues in an adjacent heating Wall thus receives heat at arate substantially higher-than do theportions cf the charge directly alongside the 'down'flow'fiues in said wall. This does not interfere with theproper-cokin of the charge in a regenerative coke oven having hairpin flues because each flue serves alternately as an upfiow hue and a downflow flue durin successive reversal periods, which usually are of thirty minutes each.

In my simple waste heat oven there is no reversal of the flow through the hairpin heating flues, but the difierence between the average temperatures'in the upfiow and "downfiow flues. is substantially prevented-from producing an improper heat distribution longitudinally of the charge, by making the thickness of the downflow flues e, measured in the direction of .the'heating lwalllength substantially smaller' than the similarly'l'measured thickness of the upflow' flues E. Withthe fi-uesEande relatively proportioned as shown in-Fig. 3, theportions of thecharge receiving-heat from the upflow flues E by conduction along relatively short and direct brick work paths is much larger than would be the case if the"h'orizontal cross sections of the upflow and 'do'wnflow flues were similar. "The reduction in horizontal crosssection of the fiues e and corresponding increasein the flow velocity in those flues, 'increasesthe amount of heattransferred from thoseflues to'an adjacent coking charge with a given temperature difierential or heat head between the flues and the charge.

The aspirating efiec'tfor injection action of each pipe J 'andthe associated Venturi throat portion I of thepassage I maybe varied by varying the shape and dimensions of the pipeJ. The latter'may'be formed of ceramic material.

'In"the'construction "showniin Figs. l, 2' and' '3 the port H through which products of combustion pass from each flue e into an adjacent flue E, is located appreciably below the oven floor level, and thereby facilitates a relative arrangement of the corresponding pipe J and Venturi throat I giving an efi'ective aspirating or injection action.

A suitable recirculation of products of combustion can be obtained in other ways, however, one of which is shown in Fig. 4. In the modification shown in Fig. 4, both the fuel gas supply passage I and the port H through which each flue E respectively receives fuel gas and products of combustion from an adjacent flue e, open directly into the lower end of the flue E, and the passage I includes no aspirating nozzle pipe. In Fig. 4 an adequate flow of products of combustion from the lower end of each flue e into the adjacent flue E is insured, although the static pressure is higher at the bottom of the flue E than at the bottom of the flue e, by shaping the inlet end of each port H to serve as a scoop or funnel I-I down through the corresponding flue e. In consequence, the kinetic energy of the downflowing gases in each flue e is utilized in passing a portion of those gases into an adjacent upflow flue E.

The reduction in the horizontal cross section of the flues e and the resultant increase in the velocity of the heating gases flowing through those flues also increases the amount of kinetic energy in the downflowing gases used in Fig. 4

in effecting recirculation of products of combustion.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best forms of embodiment of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the forms of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention, as set forth in the appended claims and that in some cases certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: v

1. In a uniflow heat coke oven battery of the uniflow type, the combination with horizontal elongated coking chambers, of heating walls alongside the coking chambers and each formed with vertical flues connected at their upper ends in pairs to form hairpin flues each comprising an upflow flue and a downflow flue, means for supplying fuel gas and combustion air to the lower end of each upflow flue, means for returning a portion of the gases flowing down in each downflow flue to the lower end of an adjacent upflow flue and means for withdrawing the gases flowing down in each downflow flue and not returned to an adjacent upflow flue.

2. In coking oven battery combination as specified in claim 1, comprising means for utilizing the kinetic energy of the fuel gas supplied to each combustion flue to move products of combustion into that flue from an adjacent downflow flue.

3. In coking oven battery combination as speci fied in claim 1, in which the horizontal cross section of each downflow flue is less than that of the associated upflow flue, and comprising means for utilizing the kinetic energy of a portion of the gas flowing down through each downflow flue to move said portion of the gases into an adjacent upflow flue.

CARL O'I'I'O. 

